🏛️ Introduction
Naturalization is the legal process by which a non-citizen becomes a U.S. citizen. As of 2025, the process is governed by federal statutes and regulations administered primarily by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). Understanding the latest requirements, timelines, and changes is essential for lawful permanent residents seeking to become U.S. citizens.
Last Updated: June 23, 2025
Author: Nahyan | UsLawGuide.net
📜 What Is Naturalization?
Naturalization is a legal process allowing foreign nationals to gain U.S. citizenship after meeting eligibility requirements such as lawful permanent residence, physical presence, good moral character, and an understanding of U.S. civics.
The primary statute governing naturalization is the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), particularly sections 316 (residency-based) and 319 (marriage to a U.S. citizen).
🛂 2025 Eligibility Requirements for Naturalization
To qualify for naturalization in 2025, an applicant must:
- Be at least 18 years old
- Have been a lawful permanent resident (Green Card holder) for 5 years, or 3 years if married to a U.S. citizen
- Show continuous residence in the U.S. for the required period
- Demonstrate physical presence in the U.S. (at least 30 months out of the last 5 years)
- Be able to read, write, and speak basic English
- Pass a U.S. civics test on history and government
- Exhibit good moral character
- Take the Oath of Allegiance to the United States
📝 Application Process (Step-by-Step)
- File Form N-400 with USCIS (online or paper)
- Pay the current filing fee ($760 in 2025, includes biometric services)
- Attend biometric appointment (fingerprinting and photo)
- Complete the naturalization interview with a USCIS officer
- Take the English and Civics tests
- Receive a decision (approval, denial, or continuation)
- If approved, attend the naturalization ceremony and take the Oath of Allegiance
⚖️ Changes to Naturalization in 2025
Several notable updates took effect in 2025:
- Revised N-400 Application: The USCIS implemented a new edition of Form N-400 (effective April 4, 2025) which, among other updates, now requires applicants to specify their biological sex as “M” or “F”, removing the “X” gender marker option. Online filing generally continues to offer efficiency benefits.
- Clarified Language Exceptions: Established exceptions for English language requirements continue for applicants based on age and duration of lawful permanent residency (e.g., the 50/20, 55/15, and 65/20 rules). For instance, applicants 65 years or older with 20+ years of LPR status benefit from a simpler civics test and can take it in their native language with an interpreter.
- Fee Assistance: USCIS increased income thresholds for fee waivers to improve access for low-income applicants (aligned with updated Federal Poverty Guidelines).
- Clarified Lawful Admission for Residence: USCIS guidance issued in late 2024 (effective for applications filed or pending on/after November 14, 2024) clarifies that for naturalization, officers will generally assess the lawfulness of an applicant’s initial admission as a permanent resident, rather than re-evaluating the lawfulness of every subsequent reentry into the U.S. This provides greater clarity for applicants with extensive travel histories.
🌍 Dual Citizenship Rules
U.S. law does not prohibit dual citizenship, but applicants must still:
- Swear allegiance to the United States
- Understand they may have tax or military obligations in their home countries
- Know that some countries automatically revoke citizenship if you naturalize elsewhere
It’s essential to consult the foreign embassy or consulate for specific country policies.
❓ FAQ Section
Q: Can I apply for naturalization while outside the U.S.?
➡ Generally no, but there are exceptions for certain military members and spouses of U.S. citizens stationed abroad.
Q: How long does the naturalization process take?
➡ It varies by location but is typically 6–12 months in 2025.
Q: What happens if I fail the civics or English test?
➡ You may retake the test once within 60–90 days.
Q: Can I change my name during naturalization?
➡ Yes, name changes can be requested during the oath ceremony in some jurisdictions.
⚠️ Disclaimer
This guide is for informational purposes only. It is not legal advice. Always consult USCIS or an immigration attorney for case-specific guidance.
🔗 Internal & External Links
External:
- https://www.uscis.gov/n-400
- https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/legal-considerations/us-citizenship-laws-policies.html
Internal (uslawguide.net):